Genetics

Genetic evidence shows that smoking can cause us to age faster

A study of nearly 500,000 people has shown that smoking shortens the end fragments of chromosomes in the white blood cells of our immune systems. The length of these end fragments, called telomeres, is an indicator of how ...

Genetics

Do genes determine whether you can be an endurance athlete?

For some of us, no matter how consistently we train, running never seems to get any easier—while others appear to be naturally gifted and can run for miles with ease. Part of this comes down to factors such as the kind ...

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. Additionally, nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. In that capacity, they serve as sources of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), participate in cellular signaling (cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).

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